Jerusalem is in many ways the most famous city in the world. It was long the capital of the Jewish kingdom. Here ruled David and Solomon. In and about Jerusalem, Jesus lived and near it he was put to death. For its possession the Crusades of Holy Wars were waged in the Middle Ages and now each year thousands of pilgrims from all parts of the world visit its holy places. This view shows Jerusalem from the top of the Mount of Olives, east of the city. First, we see the shepherds with a mixed flock of sheep and goats by the side of the road. Just below is the Russian church, an example of Byzantine architecture. Stretched out before the church lies the Valley of Kedron with its gardens and olive trees. Beyond the valley rises the wall of Jerusalem forty feet high with thirty-eight towers and seven gates. Almost in the center of the

picture may be seen the Golden Gate long since walled up. Just within the wall at the left is the Dome of the Rock, or Mosque of Omar. It is built on a high platform, the site of the old Jewish temple built by Solomon. It is a Mohammedan church. For five hundred years Jerusalem has been under the control of the Mohammedans who conquered it in the 13th century. It has suffered greatly under oppressive Turkish government. In 1919 Gen. Allenby at the head of the English forces entered Jerusalem and England will doubtless have a mandatory over Palestine. Today Jerusalem is a city of about sixty thousand people. Its streets are narrow and dirty and poorly paved. The chief manufactures are things made from olive wood and mother-of-pearl, which are sold to the many travelers who visit the city. What is a mandatory?